It happens every day. You hit the power button on your laptop and you wait. First it seems like nothing is happening. The screen is black, but your power light is on and you hear low whirring noises. Then you see the logo of the laptop manufacturer and some text. You continue to wait as the screen goes black again, and then you hear more mysterious whirring noises. Finally, you see the Windows logo that tells you your operating system is still booting.
This slow and confusing preboot period occurs when the system’s BIOS (basic input/output system) performs a POST (power on self test) and can last for 10 seconds or more, dramatically increasing overall start times. On our tests over the past couple of years, notebook start times took an average of 55 to 66 seconds, across all the major Windows and Mac systems we tested.
Even so called “instant-on” operating systems like DeviceVM’s Splashtop and Google’s upcoming Chrome OS cannot begin loading until the BIOS has completed its POST.
“In the ’90s, people were complaining that BIOSes took a minute [to POST]. So there was a big push from Microsoft and the BIOS makers to start getting down to 10 or 15 seconds,” said Brian Richardson, senior technical marketing engineer at American Megatrends, a leading BIOS vendor. “Now people are used to turning on the TiVo that instantly has that program from last night, and they want that experience on their computers.”
Fortunately, the push for faster start-ups continues. BIOS manufacturers and notebook vendors are hard at work cutting the POST time down to a second or less.
UEFI BIOS Technology Promises Improvements
The POST process takes so long because the BIOS has to perform some critical tasks simultaneously. First, it must test to see if there have been any changes in the hardware configuration since the last boot. If there is a different amount of RAM or a different The storage device that holds your OS, programs, and data.
Learn Morehard drive, the BIOS has to pass that information along to the operating system. Next, the BIOS must test all relevant system devices, including the keyboard, screen, and USB ports.
After the POST process, the BIOS relays a detailed description of each component to the OS. It doesn’t help that most of today’s notebooks employ the same 16-bit legacy BIOS technology that computers have been using for years.
Long POST times and even longer Windows boots could become a thing of the past thanks to the new UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) standard. “UEFI is designed to get all the BIOS vendors and hardware manufacturers to decide what they would take from the old BIOS specs, then decide what they would leave out,” Richardson explained.
Last September, BIOS-maker Phoenix Technologies demonstrated a Lenovo ThinkPad T400s that posted in 1.4 seconds and booted Windows 7 ($75.99) in an additional 10 seconds. That’s a 32-second time savings over the Editors’ Choice-winning T400s model we tested in June 2009. The test system had been specially modified with a custom BIOS for demonstration purposes, but it indicates the timing of things to come.
Leaner Booting Means Faster POST Times
These tweaks yield faster speeds by making the BIOS more intelligent. If a task serves no purpose, it gets cut from the POST process. For example, the BIOS can be programmed to detect if there are devices plugged into a USB port. If so, it will load the USB software. If not, it will skip that process.
UEFI BIOSes achieve faster boots by initializing multiple system devices simultaneously, according to Steve Jones, Phoenix Technologies’ vice president and chief scientist of core systems. “There’s time spent doing things like blinking the keyboard LED, testing the keyboard controller, or sending an initialize command to the disk drive and waiting for it to become ready,” he said. “And while the keyboard is initializing or the disk is waiting to respond, we can do some other initializations at the same time.”
Still, a lot of the burden of decreasing boot times is going to fall on component manufacturers. “I don’t do the video initialization,” said American Megatrend’s Richardson. “I hand it off to a piece of code known as an option ROM, and that is provided by the manufacturer of the video hardware,” Nevertheless, Richardson says his company works closely with component makers (such as the leading Graphics chips are responsible for processing all images sent to your computer?s display.
Learn Moregraphics card producers) to speed up initialization times.
While UEFI-based BIOSes are available on a few laptops today, including the Apple MacBook ($730.00), MSI Wind, and Sony SR Series, none of these systems have a 1- or 2-second POST time. Richardson predicts that within the next year “you’re going to see companies that have like 2- to 3-second [POSTs].”
Notebook Makers Look to Speed Their Boots
A number of vendors have taken steps to make their notebooks boot faster, even if they don’t have highly optimized BIOSes. To coincide with the launch of Windows 7, Lenovo introduced its Enhanced Experience program, which promised to boot the company’s consumer and ThinkPad notebooks up to 33 and 56 percent faster than they did with Vista. As of press time, Lenovo had yet to install a UEFI BIOS on any of its notebooks. However, the company has already cut boot times by tweaking its legacy BIOSes and by using faster-loading drivers and applications in Windows. These changes apply to all of its current Windows 7 notebooks.
“We’ve got our hooks into every component of boot,” said Lenovo software performance architect John Mese. “We look at how the driver behaves at boot, shut down, and resume.”
When a wireless card driver was taking 4 seconds to load, Lenovo contacted the card’s manufacturer and helped them rewrite the driver to lower its load time to a mere 200 milliseconds, knocking 3.8 seconds off of the boot time. Lenovo has been working hard to make its own software utilities load faster. In some cases, Mese said, it’s been better to delay loading part of a utility until the system has finished booting. When it comes to the ThinkVantage Power Manager under Windows 7, for example, portions of it won’t load until “the desktop has fully painted and the CPU has quiesced.”
ASUS is another manufacturer that is speeding its boot times by delaying utility loads. Its new Fast Boot utility allows users to selectively delay the loading of tray icons and startup services; enabling Fast Boot on the ASUS UL80 ($849.00) we previously reviewed shaved about 15 percent (57 seconds to 50 seconds) off of its boot time.
Sleep Mode vs Fast Booting
All of these efforts to improve boot times beg the question: Why boot at all? Users can cut their start times dramatically on any of today’s notebooks by using suspend/resume. When the system is asleep, the RAM is still powered and the operating system, programs, and data remain in active memory. Opening the lid or hitting a button allows a notebook to resume where it left off, usually within just a few seconds.
However, if you don’t plan on using the notebook again for several hours (or days), you’ll drain battery power in sleep mode. And because some notebooks do a poor job of resuming from sleep, many consumers don’t trust that everything will work properly once you lift that notebook lid.
“Many users choose not to use [sleep] simply because when they press the On button to resume, the machine might bring back Windows, but without a desktop, or with the Wi-Fi radio in a state that does not allow a reconnection,” said Phoenix Technologies’ Jones. “We pay for the performance with instability. Perhaps booting will become so quick and simple that [sleep] will become unnecessary.”
Another reason vendors are focusing on the speed of cold boots is that consumers don’t regularly use sleep now. “We’re talking about the average user, and all they know is that they press a button, and then stare at the screen, waiting for this thing to complete so they can start using the computer,” said ASUS marketing director Vivian Lien. “Giving them the ability to boot faster is a better experience overall.”
Whether the computer is waking from sleep, resuming from hibernation, or powering up from a cold boot, one thing is clear: We won’t have to wait long for an end to long waits.
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